{"id":10740655849782,"title":"Raw Black Obsidian Crystal | Natural Rough Stone with Flat Cut Base | 1175g | Healing, Protection \u0026 Grounding","handle":"raw-black-obsidian-crystal-1175g","description":"\u003ch2\u003eRaw Black Obsidian Crystal - Ancient Protection, Grounded in Stone\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is a stillness to raw black obsidian that feels older than words. Formed in the intense heat of volcanic activity and cooled rapidly into glass, this is a stone that carries a sense of deep, grounded permanence — as though it has already weathered everything the world could offer and emerged darkly polished and quietly \u003cstrong\u003eunshakeable\u003c\/strong\u003e. The Raw Black Obsidian Crystal, with its flat cut base, brings that ancient steadiness directly into your space, standing with a quiet authority that is hard to ignore.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlack obsidian has been used for centuries across many cultures — for \u003cstrong\u003eprotection\u003c\/strong\u003e, for \u003cstrong\u003eclarity\u003c\/strong\u003e, and for the kind of honest self-reflection that asks us to look at what we would rather turn away from. This natural rough stone holds its edges with intention. It does not soften difficult truths, but it stands beside you as you face them, offering the kind of \u003cstrong\u003eemotional grounding\u003c\/strong\u003e that makes hard things more bearable. Whether placed on a shelf, a desk, or an altar, this piece carries both a striking visual presence and a deeply protective energy that many find quietly reassuring.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSome of the Healing \u0026amp; Metaphysical Properties\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlack obsidian is traditionally associated with the following properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProtection:\u003c\/strong\u003e One of the oldest known protective stones, black obsidian has been carried and worn as a talisman against negative energy for thousands of years.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGrounding presence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Carries a deeply grounding energy, believed to support a strong, stable connection to the earth and the present moment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eShadow work and self-reflection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Traditionally associated with revealing what lies beneath the surface, supporting honest self-reflection and a clearer understanding of one's own patterns.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEmotional release:\u003c\/strong\u003e Believed to help bring buried emotions to the surface, supporting the release of old wounds, fear, and emotional blockages.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTruth and clarity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Associated with cutting through confusion and illusion, encouraging a clear, honest view of situations and relationships.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAbsorbing negativity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Widely regarded as an absorbing stone, traditionally believed to draw negative or stagnant energy away from its surroundings.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGrief and loss:\u003c\/strong\u003e Black obsidian's deep, still presence is traditionally associated with supporting those moving through grief — not to soften or rush the process, but to offer a steady, grounding companion as old pain is gradually released.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAppearance \u0026amp; Structure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 16 x 9 x 8.5cm (H x W x D) All weights and measurements are approximate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlack obsidian is a naturally occurring \u003cstrong\u003evolcanic glass\u003c\/strong\u003e — technically a \u003cstrong\u003emineraloid\u003c\/strong\u003e rather than a true crystalline mineral, formed when felsic lava cools so rapidly that no crystal structure has time to develop. This gives it a distinctively smooth, glassy texture even in its raw form, with surfaces that can appear almost mirror-like in places while remaining rough and natural in others. The flat cut base allows each piece to stand independently, making it both a practical display stone and a striking natural object.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn colour, raw black obsidian ranges from \u003cstrong\u003edeep, pure black\u003c\/strong\u003e to very dark charcoal, with a glassy lustre that catches soft silvery flashes when tilted. Fine natural inclusions, faint internal swirling, or tiny gas bubbles may be visible in some pieces, along with natural conchoidal fracture patterns — all entirely normal and a result of the stone's rapid volcanic formation. Black obsidian is not typically heat treated or enhanced; its deep black colour and glassy lustre are entirely natural.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow You Can Use Your Natural Rough Stone\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDisplay and anchor:\u003c\/strong\u003e Place your raw black obsidian on a shelf, desk, or windowsill to bring a sense of grounded, protective energy to the space around it.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIntentional reflection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Hold your stone during quiet moments of self-reflection or journalling to support honest, clear-minded thinking.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProtection in your space:\u003c\/strong\u003e Position it near the entrance of your home or workspace as a traditional symbol of energetic protection and boundary-setting.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMeditation support:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use your obsidian during meditation to help settle restless thoughts and encourage a deeper connection to the present moment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEmotional processing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Keep it nearby during difficult emotional periods as a reminder of your own strength and capacity to move through challenge.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal collections:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pair with lighter stones such as clear quartz or selenite to create a balanced display that honours both shadow and light.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eChakra Associations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRoot Chakra:\u003c\/strong\u003e Black obsidian is most strongly associated with the Root Chakra, supporting deep grounding, physical stability, and a settled, embodied sense of safety and presence.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eZodiac Associations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eScorpio:\u003c\/strong\u003e A natural pairing for Scorpio's depth and affinity for transformation, supporting honest self-reflection and the release of what no longer serves.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSagittarius:\u003c\/strong\u003e Offers a grounding, clarifying counterbalance to Sagittarius's expansive, outward-reaching energy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCapricorn:\u003c\/strong\u003e Complements Capricorn's determined, practical nature with a steady, protective presence that supports navigating challenges with clarity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eImportant Notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eAssorted Crystals\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen a product is labelled 'assorted,' the photos shown are examples only. Your piece will be similar in quality and beauty, but not identical. Each piece varies naturally in tone, shimmer, surface texture, and formation — this variation is part of its natural charm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eDyed, Frosted, Heat Treated or Otherwise Enhanced Stones\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere finishing is applied (e.g., frosting, dyeing or heat treating), it primarily affects appearance; the underlying stone remains the same and is believed to still carry its traditional metaphysical associations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCare and Cleansing Suggestions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSmoke cleansing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gently pass your obsidian through smoke from incense or cleansing herbs to refresh its energy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMoonlight cleansing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Place your stone under moonlight overnight — a full moon is ideal — to cleanse and recharge its energy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSound cleansing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use a singing bowl, tuning fork, or gentle music to clear your obsidian's energy through vibration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDry handling only:\u003c\/strong\u003e Wipe with a soft, dry or slightly damp cloth only, and avoid prolonged water exposure or soaking.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGentle handling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Store your obsidian carefully, away from harder crystals or abrasive materials, as its glassy structure can chip or fracture if knocked against hard surfaces.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSome Things You Might Like to Know\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWill my crystal look exactly like the photos?\u003c\/strong\u003e Yes. This is the piece you will receive.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCan this stone stand on its own?\u003c\/strong\u003e Yes — the flat cut base allows your raw black obsidian to stand independently for easy display on any flat surface.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHas this obsidian been treated?\u003c\/strong\u003e No — this is natural, untreated black obsidian. Polishing is the only process applied, used to shape and smooth the flat base.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIs this a natural stone?\u003c\/strong\u003e Yes — black obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass. It is not a heat-treated or enhanced stone; the deep black colour and glassy lustre are entirely natural.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDisclaimer\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe information provided at inspiremeonline.co.nz, including AI-assisted product descriptions, is for educational and informational purposes only. Metaphysical properties reflect traditional crystal folklore and widely-shared belief rather than scientific or medical claims; physical and mineralogical details are checked for accuracy. Crystals and crystal healing are complementary practices and not a replacement for medical treatment or professional care. Always consult a qualified health professional for medical concerns.\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2026-06-22T18:49:48+12:00","created_at":"2026-06-09T11:50:18+12:00","vendor":"Inspire Me Online","type":"Raw Crystals","tags":["crystals-fossils","Rough (Raw) Rock"],"price":4400,"price_min":4400,"price_max":4400,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":54105107169590,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"1001","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Raw Black Obsidian Crystal | Natural Rough Stone with Flat Cut Base | 1175g | Healing, Protection \u0026 Grounding","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":4400,"weight":0,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_management":"shopify","barcode":null,"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/inspiremeonline.co.nz\/cdn\/shop\/files\/Raw_Black_Obsidian_Crystal3.jpg?v=1785486027","\/\/inspiremeonline.co.nz\/cdn\/shop\/files\/Raw_Black_Obsidian_Crystal4.jpg?v=1785486035"],"featured_image":"\/\/inspiremeonline.co.nz\/cdn\/shop\/files\/Raw_Black_Obsidian_Crystal3.jpg?v=1785486027","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":"Raw black obsidian chunk with jagged edges and a flat cut base.","id":48900701978934,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":1.0,"height":500,"width":500,"src":"\/\/inspiremeonline.co.nz\/cdn\/shop\/files\/Raw_Black_Obsidian_Crystal3.jpg?v=1785486027"},"aspect_ratio":1.0,"height":500,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/inspiremeonline.co.nz\/cdn\/shop\/files\/Raw_Black_Obsidian_Crystal3.jpg?v=1785486027","width":500},{"alt":"Glossy obsidian surface shows conchoidal ripples and pale mineral inclusions.","id":48900702044470,"position":2,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":1.0,"height":500,"width":500,"src":"\/\/inspiremeonline.co.nz\/cdn\/shop\/files\/Raw_Black_Obsidian_Crystal4.jpg?v=1785486035"},"aspect_ratio":1.0,"height":500,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/inspiremeonline.co.nz\/cdn\/shop\/files\/Raw_Black_Obsidian_Crystal4.jpg?v=1785486035","width":500}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch2\u003eRaw Black Obsidian Crystal - Ancient Protection, Grounded in Stone\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is a stillness to raw black obsidian that feels older than words. Formed in the intense heat of volcanic activity and cooled rapidly into glass, this is a stone that carries a sense of deep, grounded permanence — as though it has already weathered everything the world could offer and emerged darkly polished and quietly \u003cstrong\u003eunshakeable\u003c\/strong\u003e. The Raw Black Obsidian Crystal, with its flat cut base, brings that ancient steadiness directly into your space, standing with a quiet authority that is hard to ignore.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlack obsidian has been used for centuries across many cultures — for \u003cstrong\u003eprotection\u003c\/strong\u003e, for \u003cstrong\u003eclarity\u003c\/strong\u003e, and for the kind of honest self-reflection that asks us to look at what we would rather turn away from. This natural rough stone holds its edges with intention. It does not soften difficult truths, but it stands beside you as you face them, offering the kind of \u003cstrong\u003eemotional grounding\u003c\/strong\u003e that makes hard things more bearable. Whether placed on a shelf, a desk, or an altar, this piece carries both a striking visual presence and a deeply protective energy that many find quietly reassuring.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSome of the Healing \u0026amp; Metaphysical Properties\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlack obsidian is traditionally associated with the following properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProtection:\u003c\/strong\u003e One of the oldest known protective stones, black obsidian has been carried and worn as a talisman against negative energy for thousands of years.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGrounding presence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Carries a deeply grounding energy, believed to support a strong, stable connection to the earth and the present moment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eShadow work and self-reflection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Traditionally associated with revealing what lies beneath the surface, supporting honest self-reflection and a clearer understanding of one's own patterns.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEmotional release:\u003c\/strong\u003e Believed to help bring buried emotions to the surface, supporting the release of old wounds, fear, and emotional blockages.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTruth and clarity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Associated with cutting through confusion and illusion, encouraging a clear, honest view of situations and relationships.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAbsorbing negativity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Widely regarded as an absorbing stone, traditionally believed to draw negative or stagnant energy away from its surroundings.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGrief and loss:\u003c\/strong\u003e Black obsidian's deep, still presence is traditionally associated with supporting those moving through grief — not to soften or rush the process, but to offer a steady, grounding companion as old pain is gradually released.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAppearance \u0026amp; Structure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 16 x 9 x 8.5cm (H x W x D) All weights and measurements are approximate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlack obsidian is a naturally occurring \u003cstrong\u003evolcanic glass\u003c\/strong\u003e — technically a \u003cstrong\u003emineraloid\u003c\/strong\u003e rather than a true crystalline mineral, formed when felsic lava cools so rapidly that no crystal structure has time to develop. This gives it a distinctively smooth, glassy texture even in its raw form, with surfaces that can appear almost mirror-like in places while remaining rough and natural in others. The flat cut base allows each piece to stand independently, making it both a practical display stone and a striking natural object.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn colour, raw black obsidian ranges from \u003cstrong\u003edeep, pure black\u003c\/strong\u003e to very dark charcoal, with a glassy lustre that catches soft silvery flashes when tilted. Fine natural inclusions, faint internal swirling, or tiny gas bubbles may be visible in some pieces, along with natural conchoidal fracture patterns — all entirely normal and a result of the stone's rapid volcanic formation. Black obsidian is not typically heat treated or enhanced; its deep black colour and glassy lustre are entirely natural.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow You Can Use Your Natural Rough Stone\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDisplay and anchor:\u003c\/strong\u003e Place your raw black obsidian on a shelf, desk, or windowsill to bring a sense of grounded, protective energy to the space around it.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIntentional reflection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Hold your stone during quiet moments of self-reflection or journalling to support honest, clear-minded thinking.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProtection in your space:\u003c\/strong\u003e Position it near the entrance of your home or workspace as a traditional symbol of energetic protection and boundary-setting.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMeditation support:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use your obsidian during meditation to help settle restless thoughts and encourage a deeper connection to the present moment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEmotional processing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Keep it nearby during difficult emotional periods as a reminder of your own strength and capacity to move through challenge.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal collections:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pair with lighter stones such as clear quartz or selenite to create a balanced display that honours both shadow and light.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eChakra Associations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRoot Chakra:\u003c\/strong\u003e Black obsidian is most strongly associated with the Root Chakra, supporting deep grounding, physical stability, and a settled, embodied sense of safety and presence.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eZodiac Associations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eScorpio:\u003c\/strong\u003e A natural pairing for Scorpio's depth and affinity for transformation, supporting honest self-reflection and the release of what no longer serves.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSagittarius:\u003c\/strong\u003e Offers a grounding, clarifying counterbalance to Sagittarius's expansive, outward-reaching energy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCapricorn:\u003c\/strong\u003e Complements Capricorn's determined, practical nature with a steady, protective presence that supports navigating challenges with clarity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eImportant Notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eAssorted Crystals\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen a product is labelled 'assorted,' the photos shown are examples only. Your piece will be similar in quality and beauty, but not identical. Each piece varies naturally in tone, shimmer, surface texture, and formation — this variation is part of its natural charm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eDyed, Frosted, Heat Treated or Otherwise Enhanced Stones\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere finishing is applied (e.g., frosting, dyeing or heat treating), it primarily affects appearance; the underlying stone remains the same and is believed to still carry its traditional metaphysical associations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCare and Cleansing Suggestions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSmoke cleansing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gently pass your obsidian through smoke from incense or cleansing herbs to refresh its energy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMoonlight cleansing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Place your stone under moonlight overnight — a full moon is ideal — to cleanse and recharge its energy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSound cleansing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use a singing bowl, tuning fork, or gentle music to clear your obsidian's energy through vibration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDry handling only:\u003c\/strong\u003e Wipe with a soft, dry or slightly damp cloth only, and avoid prolonged water exposure or soaking.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGentle handling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Store your obsidian carefully, away from harder crystals or abrasive materials, as its glassy structure can chip or fracture if knocked against hard surfaces.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSome Things You Might Like to Know\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWill my crystal look exactly like the photos?\u003c\/strong\u003e Yes. This is the piece you will receive.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCan this stone stand on its own?\u003c\/strong\u003e Yes — the flat cut base allows your raw black obsidian to stand independently for easy display on any flat surface.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHas this obsidian been treated?\u003c\/strong\u003e No — this is natural, untreated black obsidian. Polishing is the only process applied, used to shape and smooth the flat base.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIs this a natural stone?\u003c\/strong\u003e Yes — black obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass. It is not a heat-treated or enhanced stone; the deep black colour and glassy lustre are entirely natural.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDisclaimer\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe information provided at inspiremeonline.co.nz, including AI-assisted product descriptions, is for educational and informational purposes only. Metaphysical properties reflect traditional crystal folklore and widely-shared belief rather than scientific or medical claims; physical and mineralogical details are checked for accuracy. Crystals and crystal healing are complementary practices and not a replacement for medical treatment or professional care. Always consult a qualified health professional for medical concerns.\u003c\/p\u003e"}